ʻO ka ʻepekema a me ka hoʻonaʻauao kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe o nā keiki

Nā Kūlana Huahana

Hoʻonohonoho:

Maka maka: h20mm, h6mm elua maka maka

1.5x aniani maikai

90 degere zenith aniani

38 knm kiʻekiʻe alumini tripod

palapala palapala hoʻokō lima lima

Nā hōʻailona nui:

★ refractive / focal lōʻihi: 360mm, luminous aperture: 50mm

★ 60 manawa a me 18 manawa hiki ke hui, a me 90 manawa a me 27 manawa hiki ke hui me 1.5x maikai aniani

★ ka hoʻonā manaʻo: 2.000 arcseconds, ua like ia me nā mea ʻelua me kahi mamao o 0.970 cm ma 1000 mika.

★ kala kala pahu lens nui: kala (e like me ka mea i hōʻike ʻia ma ke kiʻi)

★ kaumaha: Ma kahi o 1kg

★ ka nui pahu waho: 44cm * 21cm * 10cm

Huina nana: 1.5x aniani maikai h20mm maka (kii maikai piha)

Nā lula hoʻohana:

1. Wehe i na wawae kokua, e hookomo i ka pahu telescope ma ka auamo a hooponopono me na wili laka nui.

2. E hoʻokomo i ke aniani zenith i loko o ka pahu kuhikuhi a hoʻopaʻa iā ia me nā wili like.

3. E hoʻouka i ka maka maka ma ke aniani zenith a hoʻopaʻa me nā wili like.

4. Inā makemake ʻoe e hoʻonui me kahi aniani maikaʻi, e hoʻokomo iā ia ma waena o ka maka maka a me ka pahu lens (ʻaʻohe pono e hoʻokomo i kahi aniani zenith 90 degere), i ʻike ʻoe i ke kino lani.

He aha ka Astronomical telescope?

ʻO ke telescope Astronomical ka mea hana nui no ka nānā ʻana i nā kino lani a me ka hopu ʻana i ka ʻike lani.Mai ka hana ʻana o Galileo i ka telescope mua i ka makahiki 1609, ke ulu mau nei ka telescope.Mai ka pūna ʻōpika a i ka pūna piha, mai ka honua a i ka lewa, e ikaika a ikaika ana ka mākaʻikaʻi o ka telescope, a ʻoi aku ka nui o ka ʻike o ke kino lani.Loaʻa i nā kānaka nā telescopes i ka hui hawewe electromagnetic, neutrinos, nā nalu gravity, nā kukuna cosmic a pēlā aku.

Moʻolelo Hoʻomohala:

No nā aniani mai ka telescope.Ua hoʻomaka nā kānaka e hoʻohana i nā aniani ma kahi o 700 mau makahiki i hala.Ma kahi o 1300 ad, hoʻomaka ka poʻe Italia e hana i nā aniani heluhelu me nā lens convex.Ma kahi o 1450 ad, ua ʻike ʻia nā aniani myopia.I ka makahiki 1608, he haumana o H. Lippershey, he mea hana lole maka maka Dutch, ua ʻike ʻole ʻo ia ma ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana i ʻelua mau aniani, hiki iā ia ke ʻike maopopo i nā mea ma kahi mamao.I ka makahiki 1609, i ka lohe ʻana o Galileo, he kanaka ʻepekema ʻItalia, i ka mea i ʻike ʻia, ua hana koke ʻo ia i kāna telescope ponoʻī a hoʻohana iā ia e nānā i nā hōkū.Mai ia manawa, ua hānau ʻia ka telescope astronomical mua.Ua ʻike ʻo Galileo i ke ʻano o nā lā, nā lua o ka mahina, nā satelite o Jupiter (Galileo satellites) a me ka loaʻa a me ka nalowale o Venus me kāna telescope, i kākoʻo ikaika i ka manaʻo heliocentric o Copernicus.Hana ʻia ka telescope o Galileo ma ke kumu o ka refraction o ka mālamalama, no laila ua kapa ʻia ʻo ia he refractor.

I ka makahiki 1663, ua hana ʻo Gregory astronomer Scottish i ke aniani Gregory me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ke kumu hoʻohālikelike o ka mālamalama, akā ʻaʻole kaulana ia no ka ʻenehana hana ʻoi ʻole.I ka makahiki 1667, ua hoʻomaikaʻi iki ka ʻepekema Pelekane ʻo Newton i ka manaʻo o Gregory a hana i ke aniani Newtonian.ʻO 2.5cm wale nō kona puka, akā ʻoi aku ka hoʻonui ʻana ma mua o 30 mau manawa.Hoʻopau hoʻi ia i ka ʻokoʻa kala o ke telescope refraction, kahi e hana pono ai.I ka makahiki 1672, ua hoʻolālā ka Frenchman Cassegrain i ka mea hoʻomaʻamaʻa Cassegrain maʻamau me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā aniani concave a convex.He lōʻihi ka lōʻihi o ke telescope, kino lens pōkole, hoʻonui nui a me ke kiʻi akaka;Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia e kiʻi i nā kino lani nui a liʻiliʻi ma ke kula.Ke hoʻohana nei ka telescope Hubble i kēia ʻano telescope noʻonoʻo.

I ka makahiki 1781, ua ʻike ʻo W. Herschel lāua ʻo C. Herschel i nā hōkū hōkū Pelekane ʻo Uranus me kahi aniani puka 15 knm i hana ʻia.Mai ia manawa, ua hoʻohui ka poʻe astronomers i nā hana he nui i ka telescope e loaʻa iā ia ka mana o ka spectral analysis a pēlā aku.I ka makahiki 1862, ua hana nā kilo hōkū ʻAmelika ʻo Clark a me kāna keiki (A. Clark lāua ʻo A. g. Clark) i 47 knm aperture refractor a kiʻi i nā kiʻi o nā hōkū hoa Sirius.I ka makahiki 1908, ua alakaʻi ʻo Haier ʻAmelika ʻAmelika i ke kūkulu ʻia ʻana o kahi aniani ākea 1.53 mika e hopu i ke kiko o nā hōkū hoa Sirius.I ka makahiki 1948, ua hoʻopau ʻia ka telescope Haier.Ua lawa kona puka o 5.08 mika e nānā a nānā i ka mamao a me ka wikiwiki o nā kino lani mamao.

I ka makahiki 1931, ua hana ka German optician Schmidt i ka Schmidt telescope, a i ka makahiki 1941, ua hana ka Soviet astronomer mark sutov i ka mark sutov Cassegrain reentry mirror, ka mea i hoonui i na ano o ka telescopes.

I kēia manawa a me kēia manawa, ʻaʻole i kaupalena ʻia nā telescopes astronomical i nā kaula optical.I ka makahiki 1932, ua ʻike ʻo ʻAmelika Radio Engineers i ka pāhawewe lekiō mai ke kikowaena o ka galaxy Milky Way, e hōʻailona ana i ka hānau ʻana o ka lekiō hōkū.Ma hope o ka hoʻokuʻu ʻia ʻana o nā satelite i hana ʻia e ke kanaka i ka makahiki 1957, ua ulu nā telescopes lewa.Mai ke kenekulia hou, aia nā telescopes hou e like me neutrinos, nā mea ʻeleʻele a me nā nalu gravity i ka piʻi.I kēia manawa, ua lilo nā ʻelele he nui i hoʻouna ʻia e nā kino lani i kumu no ka poʻe ʻike hōkū, a ke māhuahua nei ka ʻike kanaka.

I ka hoʻomaka ʻana o Nowemapa 2021, ma hope o ka lōʻihi o ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ka ʻenekinia a me ka hoʻāʻo hoʻohui ʻana, ua hōʻea ka James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) i manaʻo nui ʻia i ke kahua hoʻokuʻu i French Guiana a e hoʻokuʻu ʻia i ka wā e hiki mai ana.

ʻO ka loina hana o ke telescope astronomical:

ʻO ke kumu hana o ka telescope astronomical ʻo ia ka lens object (convex lens) e kālele ana i ke kiʻi, i hoʻonui ʻia e ka maka (convex lens).Hoʻopaʻa ʻia e ka lens pahuhopu a laila hoʻonui ʻia e ka maka.ʻO ka lens pahuhopu a me ka eyepiece he papalua i hoʻokaʻawale ʻia, i mea e hoʻomaikaʻi ai i ka maikaʻi o ke kiʻi.E hoʻonui i ka māmā o kēlā me kēia ʻāpana, i ʻike nā kānaka i nā mea ʻeleʻele a me nā kikoʻī hou aku.ʻO ka mea i komo i loko o kou mau maka ua aneane like ia me ka mālamalama, a ʻo kāu mea e ʻike ai he kiʻi noʻonoʻo i hoʻonui ʻia e ka maka.ʻO ia ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka kihi wehe liʻiliʻi o ka mea mamao e like me ka hoʻonui ʻana, i loaʻa iā ia kahi kihi wehe nui i loko o ke ākea kiʻi, i ʻike ʻole ʻia ka mea hiki ʻole ke ʻike a ʻike ʻia e ka maka ʻōlohelohe.He ʻōnaehana ʻōpika ia e hoʻomau i ka hoʻokuʻu ʻia ʻana o ke kukui like ʻole ma o ka lens a me ka maka.ʻEkolu mau ʻano maʻamau:

1、 Refraction telescope he telescope me ka lens e like me ka lens object.Hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia i ʻelua ʻano: telescope Galileo me ka lens concave e like me ka maka;Kepler telescope me ka convex lens e like me ka maka.Ma muli o ke koʻikoʻi loa o ka chromatic aberration a me spherical aberration o ka pahuhopu lens hoʻokahi, hoʻohana pinepine nā telescopes refraction hou i ʻelua mau pūʻulu lens.

2、 ʻO ke kelepona hoʻohālike he telescope me ke aniani concave e like me ka lens pahuhopu.Hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia i Newton telescope, Cassegrain telescope a me nā ʻano ʻē aʻe.ʻO ka pōmaikaʻi nui o ke kelepona hoʻohālikelike ʻana, ʻaʻohe chromatic aberration.Ke hoʻohana ka lens pahuhopu i kahi paraboloid, hiki ke hoʻopau ʻia ka spherical aberration.Eia naʻe, i mea e hōʻemi ai i ka mana o nā aberrations ʻē aʻe, he liʻiliʻi ke kahua o ka ʻike.ʻO ka mea no ka hana ʻana i ke aniani e koi wale i ka coefficient hoʻonui liʻiliʻi, haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa a me ka wili maʻalahi.

3、 Hoʻokumu ʻia ke kelepona ʻo Catadioptric ma ke aniani spherical a hoʻohui ʻia me ka mea refractive no ka hoʻoponopono aberration, hiki ke pale aku i ka hana aspherical nui paʻakikī a loaʻa ke kiʻi maikaʻi.ʻO ka mea kaulana ʻo ka Schmidt telescope, kahi e kau ai i kahi pā hoʻoponopono Schmidt ma ke kikowaena spherical o ke aniani spherical.ʻO kekahi ʻili he mokulele a ʻo kekahi ʻaoʻao he ʻili aspherical deformed liʻiliʻi, kahi e hoʻohuli liʻiliʻi ai ka ʻāpana waena o ka lāʻau a hoʻokaʻawale iki ka ʻaoʻao peripheral, e hoʻoponopono wale ana i ka aberration spherical a me ka coma.